In 2023, there were 7.7 million female scientists and engineers in the EU, 381 200 more than in 2022. Across all economic activities present in the statistical classification of economic activities in the EU (NACE rev. 2), women represented 41.0% of the scientists and engineers workforce. This share was higher in services related activities at 45.6%. In manufacturing, women represented 22.4% of scientists and engineers, while in other activities that share was 23.9%. Among the EU countries, the proportion of female scientists and engineers varied widely in 2023, with the highest shares registered in Denmark (50.8%), Spain (50.0 %,) and Bulgaria (49.1%), Latvia and Ireland (each 49%). The lowest representation of female scientists and engineers was in Hungary (30.7%), followed by Finland (31.4%), Italy (34.1%), and Slovakia and Malta (each 34.3%). (....)