The rhetoric continues. Carbon neutral European Union by 2050. And this time the regulations are stringent. Today they affect the maritime sector with the commencement of the EU Emission Trading System 1, with CO2 emissions monitored from 1.1.2024 and ‘fines’ due the following September, so in September 2025. Enough time for the Member States to sort out who will collect the fines, and already the purchasing of EU Allowances (EUAs) has begun in earnest as the fluctuating carbon price means the future price could indeed be far higher than today’s of approximately Euro 66.5. (....)