In 2023, exports of recyclable raw materials – which include recyclable waste and scrap as well as other secondary raw materials (by-products) – from the EU to non-EU countries amounted to 39.3 million tonnes. Export volume in recyclable raw materials has been on an upward trend since 2004, increasing by 74% (+16.7 million tonnes). Meanwhile, imports of recyclable raw materials from non-EU countries into the EU amounted to 39.8 million tonnes in 2023, a decrease of 3.8 million tonnes compared with 2004 (-8.6%). (....)